Salvēte, sodāles.
Back in Lesson 37 we met quī and quae, which both mean who.
Puer quī Aemiliam vocat Marcus est. Puella quae Aemiliam vocat Iūlia est. The boy who is calling Aemilia is Marcus. The girl who is calling Aemilia is Julia.
Quī and quae are examples of relative pronouns. And quī Aemiliam vocat and quae Aemiliam vocat are examples of relative clauses. Quī and quae are both the subjects of their relative clause (who is calling Aemilia) and are therefore nōminātīvus.
Then in Lesson 38 we met the accūsātīvus relative pronouns quem and quam. These relative pronouns mean whom and are the object of a verb in their own relative clauses (whom Aemilia is calling).
Puer quem Aemilia vocat est Marcus. Puella quam Aemilia vocat est Iūlia. The boy whom Aemilia is calling is Marcus. The girl whom Aemilia is calling is Julia.
Quī and quem are masculine and quae and quam are feminine. In Lesson 46 we met the neuter relative pronoun, quod. We use quod for the nōminātīvus AND accūsātīvus.
nōminātīvus : Aemilia baculum quod in mēnsā est videt. Aemilia sees the rod which is on the table. accūsātīvus : Baculum quod Aemilia videt in mensā est. The rod which Aemilia sees is on the table.
Apologies if that is too much revision, but we can now move on to a small amount of new material. The relative pronouns quī and quōs are the plurals of the masculine quī and quem. The textbook introduces them while discussing Syrus and Leander carrying two sacks. In Latin, a sack (saccus) is masculine.
from Lingua Latīna Per Sē Illustrāta, page 42.
Servī quī saccōs portant sunt Syrus et Lēander. Saccī quōs servī portant sunt magnī. The enslaved men who are carrying the sacks are Syrus and Leander. The sacks which the enslaved men are carrying are large.
Now read Capitulum Sextum lines 27-30. Enjoy seeing tam/quam in action once more. The margin tells us that vehit/vehunt means the same thing as portat/portant.
Satis est. See you back here soon.